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Yom Kippur Greeting Card - Purple Gold Wavy Abstract

Yom Kippur Greeting Card - Purple Gold Wavy Abstract

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Embracing Tradition: The Benefits Of Yom Kippur Printable Greeting Cards

Embracing Tradition: The Benefits Of Yom Kippur Printable Greeting Cards


Introduction


Yom Kippur, also known as the Day of Atonement, holds a significant place in the hearts of Jewish communities worldwide. It is a time for reflection, repentance, and reconciliation. Sending greetings on this solemn occasion has become a cherished tradition. With the advent of technology, printable Yom Kippur greeting cards have emerged as a convenient and meaningful way to extend wishes to loved ones. In this article, we will explore the various benefits of using Yom Kippur printable greeting cards.


1. Personal Touch with Customization


Printable Yom Kippur greeting cards allow for a personal touch that is often absent in generic store-bought cards. With customizable options, individuals can add their own messages, names, and even choose designs that resonate with their beliefs and sentiments. This personalization creates a more intimate connection between the sender and the recipient, making the greeting card more meaningful.


2. Environmental Consciousness


Printable cards contribute to a more sustainable environment. In an era where environmental concerns are paramount, choosing digital cards reduces the demand for paper and lowers the overall carbon footprint associated with traditional printing methods. This eco-friendly alternative aligns with the values of many individuals and communities who are striving for a more sustainable future.


3. Convenience and Accessibility


Printable Yom Kippur greeting cards offer unparalleled convenience. They can be downloaded and printed from the comfort of one's home, eliminating the need for a trip to the store. This accessibility is particularly valuable for individuals with limited mobility or those living in remote areas, ensuring that everyone can participate in this cherished tradition.


4. Cost-Effectiveness


Choosing printable greeting cards can be a more budget-friendly option. Traditional cards often come with hidden costs such as transportation to and from the store, as well as potential shipping fees if sending to distant recipients. By contrast, printable cards require only an internet connection and a printer, making them an economical choice for many.


5. Last-Minute Availability


Life can be unpredictable, and sometimes important occasions sneak up on us. Printable Yom Kippur greeting cards are available 24/7, allowing for last-minute preparations. Whether you suddenly remember a distant relative or realize you've forgotten to buy a card, printable options ensure that you can still send your wishes in a timely manner.


6. Global Reach


In our interconnected world, friends and family may be scattered across different cities, states, or even countries. Printable Yom Kippur greeting cards transcend geographical boundaries, allowing you to send your heartfelt wishes to loved ones, regardless of their location. This global reach helps strengthen bonds and maintain connections with those who are far away.


Conclusion


Printable Yom Kippur greeting cards offer a modern and environmentally conscious approach to a cherished tradition. The ability to customize, their convenience, and accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and last-minute availability make them an attractive option for individuals and communities celebrating this important holiday. Embracing technology while honoring tradition allows us to celebrate Yom Kippur in a way that is both meaningful and sustainable.

The Significance Of Observing And Celebrating Yom Kippur

The Significance Of Observing And Celebrating Yom Kippur


Introduction


Yom Kippur, often referred to as the Day of Atonement, stands as one of the most solemn and sacred days in the Jewish calendar. It is a time for introspection, repentance, and spiritual renewal. Understanding the importance of observing and celebrating Yom Kippur can offer valuable insights into the rich tapestry of Jewish tradition and spirituality.


1. Spiritual Cleansing and Renewal


Yom Kippur provides a unique opportunity for individuals to engage in deep introspection and seek forgiveness for past wrongs. By acknowledging and repenting for their mistakes, individuals can experience a profound sense of spiritual cleansing and renewal. This process allows them to start afresh with a clean slate and a reinvigorated sense of purpose.


2. Reaffirmation of Faith


Observing Yom Kippur reaffirms one's commitment to the core tenets of the Jewish faith. It is a time to reflect on the teachings and values that form the foundation of Jewish identity. Through prayer, fasting, and acts of repentance, individuals connect with their faith on a profound level, strengthening their bond with the divine and their community.


3. Strengthening Community Bonds


Yom Kippur serves as a unifying force within Jewish communities worldwide. Families and congregations come together to collectively observe this sacred day. The act of fasting and participating in communal prayers fosters a sense of unity, reminding individuals that they are part of a larger spiritual family. It reinforces the importance of supporting one another in times of reflection and repentance.


4. Reflecting on Mortality and Life Choices


Yom Kippur confronts individuals with their mortality, serving as a powerful reminder of life's impermanence. This awareness prompts contemplation about the choices made and the legacy one hopes to leave behind. It encourages a shift in perspective, focusing on the values and actions that truly matter in the grander scheme of life.


5. Embracing Forgiveness and Compassion


Forgiveness is a central theme of Yom Kippur. The act of seeking forgiveness and extending it to others fosters a culture of compassion and understanding. It encourages individuals to let go of grudges, heal fractured relationships, and approach others with empathy. This practice of forgiveness contributes to a more harmonious and compassionate society.


6. Cultivating Gratitude and Appreciation


Through the act of fasting, individuals gain a heightened appreciation for the blessings in their lives. Depriving oneself of basic needs for a period of time fosters gratitude for the abundance that is often taken for granted. It serves as a powerful reminder to cherish and be thankful for the gifts that life bestows.


Conclusion


Observing and celebrating Yom Kippur is a deeply enriching and spiritually rewarding experience. It offers individuals an opportunity for introspection, repentance, and renewal. By reaffirming faith, strengthening community bonds, reflecting on mortality, embracing forgiveness, and cultivating gratitude, Yom Kippur serves as a beacon of spiritual growth and enlightenment. It stands as a testament to the enduring power of tradition and the profound impact it can have on individual lives and communities as a whole.

Celebrating Tradition: The Significance of Sending Yom Kippur Printable Greeting Cards

Celebrating Tradition: The Significance of Sending Yom Kippur Printable Greeting Cards


Introduction


Yom Kippur, also known as the Day of Atonement, is a sacred and solemn occasion for Jewish communities worldwide. It is a time of reflection, repentance, and seeking forgiveness for past transgressions. Sending Yom Kippur greeting cards is a cherished tradition that fosters connections and reinforces the bonds of community. In this article, we will explore the compelling reasons why you should consider sending a Yom Kippur printable greeting card this year.


1. Preserving a Time-Honored Tradition


Greeting cards have long been a tangible representation of love, respect, and well-wishing. By sending a Yom Kippur greeting card, you are participating in a time-honored tradition that has been passed down through generations. This act of reaching out to loved ones reaffirms the enduring power of human connection.


2. A Personal Touch in a Digital Age


In an era dominated by digital communication, the personal touch of a physical card is increasingly rare and therefore more cherished. A Yom Kippur printable greeting card allows for customization, enabling you to add your own heartfelt message. This personalization adds a layer of intimacy that is often lost in electronic messages.


3. Environmental Consideration


Printable greeting cards are an eco-conscious alternative to traditional printed cards. They eliminate the need for physical production, reducing the demand for paper and the environmental impact associated with manufacturing and transportation. By choosing a printable card, you demonstrate a commitment to sustainability.


4. Convenience and Accessibility


Printable Yom Kippur greeting cards offer a level of convenience that traditional cards simply cannot match. They can be easily downloaded and printed from the comfort of your own home, eliminating the need for a trip to a store. This accessibility is particularly valuable for those with limited mobility or those living in remote areas.


5. Cost-Effective and Budget-Friendly


Printable cards are a cost-effective option, making them an excellent choice for those on a budget. They don't come with hidden costs such as transportation or shipping fees, making them a practical alternative for many individuals and families.


6. Last-Minute Expressions of Love and Respect


Life often brings unexpected twists and turns. Printable Yom Kippur greeting cards offer a solution for those moments when time is of the essence. They are available around the clock, ensuring that you can still convey your well-wishes, even at the last minute.


Conclusion


Sending a Yom Kippur printable greeting card is a meaningful way to honor tradition while adapting to the demands of modern life. The personal touch, environmental consideration, convenience, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility make it a compelling choice for individuals seeking to express their love and respect during this sacred time. By embracing this practice, you contribute to the continuation of a beautiful tradition while also demonstrating your commitment to a sustainable and interconnected world.

Yom Kippur - Day Of Atonement  - Facts, History, Traditions, Observance

Yom Kippur

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Official name

יוֹם כִּיפּוּר

Observed by

Jews, Samaritans

Type

Jewish

Significance

Atonement for personal sins, fate of each person is sealed for the upcoming year

Observances

Fasting, prayer, abstaining from physical pleasures, refraining from work

Date

10th day of Tishrei

2020 date

Sunset, 27 September –

nightfall, 28 September

2021 date

Sunset, 15 September –

nightfall, 16 September

2022 date

Sunset, 4 October –

nightfall, 5 October

2023 date

Sunset, 24 September –

nightfall, 25 September

Frequency

Annual

Related to

Rosh Hashanah, which precedes Yom Kippur



Yom Kippur (/ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊər, ˌjɔːm ˈkɪpər, ˌjoʊm-/;[1] Hebrew: יוֹם כִּיפּוּר‎, IPA: [ˈjom kiˈpuʁ], or Hebrew: יום הכיפורים‎, romanized: Yom ha-Kippurim), also known as the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day of the year in Judaism. Its central themes are atonement and repentance. Jews traditionally observe this holy day with a day-long fast and intensive prayer, often spending most of the day in synagogue services.

Etymology[edit]

Yom (יוֹם) means "day" in Hebrew and Kippur (כִּפּוּר) is translated to "atonement".[2] The common English translation of Yom Kippur is Day of Atonement, however, this translation lacks precision. The name Yom Kippur is based on the biblical verse, "...but on the 10th day of the seventh month it is the day of kippurim unto you..." (Leviticus 23:27). The literal translation of kippurim is cleansing. Yom Kippur is a Jewish day to atone for misdeeds and become cleansed and purified from them. [3]

Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur[edit]

Yom Kippur is "the tenth day of [the] seventh month"[4] (Tishrei) and is also known as the "Sabbath of Sabbaths".[5] Rosh Hashanah (referred to in the Torah as Yom Teruah) is the first day of that month according to the Hebrew calendar. Yom Kippur completes the annual period known in Judaism as the High Holy Days or Yamim Nora'im ("Days of Awe") that commences with Rosh Hashanah.[5] The ten days from Rosh Hashanah to Yom Kippur correspond to the last ten days of the 40-day period Moses was on Mount Sinai receiving the second set of tablets.[6]

Heavenly books opened[edit]

According to Jewish tradition, God inscribes each person's fate for the coming year into a book, the Book of Life, on Rosh Hashanah, and waits until Yom Kippur to "seal" the verdict.[7] During the Days of Awe, a Jew tries to amend their behavior and seek forgiveness for wrongs done against God (bein adam leMakom) and against other human beings (bein adam lechavero). The evening and day of Yom Kippur are set aside for public and private petitions and confessions of guilt (Vidui). At the end of Yom Kippur, one hopes that they have been forgiven by God.[8]

Prayer service[edit]

The Yom Kippur prayer service includes several unique aspects. One is the actual number of prayer services. Unlike a regular day, which has three prayer services (Ma'ariv, the evening prayer; Shacharit, the morning prayer; and Mincha, the afternoon prayer), or a Shabbat or Yom Tov, which have four prayer services (Ma'ariv; Shacharit; Mussaf, the additional prayer; and Mincha), Yom Kippur has five prayer services (Ma'ariv; Shacharit; Musaf; Mincha; and Ne'ilah, the closing prayer).[9] The prayer services also include private and public confessions of sins (Vidui)[7] and a unique prayer dedicated to the special Yom Kippur avodah (service) of the Kohen Gadol (high priest) in the Holy Temple in Jerusalem.[10]

Observance[edit]

As one of the most culturally significant Jewish holidays, Yom Kippur is observed by many secular Jews who may not observe other holidays. Many secular Jews attend synagogue on Yom Kippur—for many secular Jews the High Holy Days are the only times of the year during which they attend synagogue[11]—causing synagogue attendance to soar.

Preceding day[edit]

On the eve of Yom Kippur by Jakub Weinles

Erev Yom Kippur (lit. "eve [of] day [of] atonement") is the day preceding Yom Kippur, corresponding to the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei. This day is commemorated with additional morning prayers, asking others for forgiveness, giving charity, performing the kapparot ritual, an extended afternoon prayer service, and two festive meals.[12]

General observances[edit]

Leviticus 16:29 mandates establishment of this holy day on the 10th day of the 7th month as the day of atonement for sins. It calls it the Sabbath of Sabbaths and a day upon which one must afflict one's soul.

Leviticus 23:27 decrees that Yom Kippur is a strict day of rest.

Five additional prohibitions are traditionally observed, as detailed in the Jewish oral tradition (Mishnah tractate Yoma 8:1).

The number five is a set number, relating to:

The prohibitions are the following:

A parallel has been drawn between these activities and the human condition according to the Biblical account of the expulsion from the garden of Eden.[14] Refraining from these symbolically represents a return to a pristine state of re-attachment to the purity of Edenic existence, and symbolically therefore one avoids that which arose as a need only after the exile from Eden: The Eden account tells of God saying "thorns and thistles will grow in your way...the snake will raise its head (to bite you) and you will give your heel (to crush it)" and so in the new post-Edenic existence it became necessary to wear strong protective shoes, and so these are avoided on Yom Kippur (see article for specifics). The Eden account also states that as opposed to the automatic food and drink in Eden, it will be necessary to work for it "by the sweat of your brow", and so food and drink are refrained from on Yom Kippur, as well as washing, and the use of cosmetics to remove sweat or its odor etc. Similarly for the description of the post-Edenic relationship between man and woman, and so on Yom Kippur marital relations are avoided. [14]

Total abstention from food and drink as well as keeping the other traditions begins at sundown, and ends after nightfall the following day. One should add a few minutes to the beginning and end of the day, called tosefet Yom Kippur, lit. "addition to Yom Kippur". Although the fast is required of all healthy men over 13 or women over 12, it is waived in the case of certain medical conditions.[citation needed]

By refraining from these activities, the body is uncomfortable but can still survive. The soul is considered to be the life force in a body. Therefore, by making one’s body uncomfortable, one’s soul is uncomfortable. By feeling pain one can feel how others feel when they are in pain.[15] This is the purpose of the prohibitions.

Virtually all Jewish holidays involve meals, but since Yom Kippur involves fasting, Jewish law requires one to eat a large and festive meal on the afternoon before Yom Kippur, after the Mincha (afternoon) prayer. This meal is meant to make up for the inability to eat a large meal on the day of Yom Kippur instead, due to the prohibition from eating or drinking.[citation needed]

Wearing white clothing (or a kittel for Ashkenazi Jews), is traditional to symbolize one's purity on this day. Many Orthodox men immerse themselves in a mikveh on the day before Yom Kippur.[16]

In order to gain atonement from God, one must:[13]

Eve[edit]

Main article: Kol Nidre

Before sunset on Yom Kippur eve, worshipers gather in the synagogue. The Ark is opened and two people take from it two Sifrei Torah (Torah scrolls). Then they take their places, one on each side of the Hazzan, and the three recite (in Hebrew):

In the tribunal of Heaven and the tribunal of earth, we hold it lawful to pray with transgressors.

The cantor then chants the Kol Nidre prayer (Aramaic: כל נדרי, English translation: "All vows"). It is recited in Aramaic. Its name "Kol Nidre" is taken from the opening words, and translates "All vows":

All personal vows we are likely to make, all personal oaths and pledges we are likely to take between this Yom Kippur and the next Yom Kippur, we publicly renounce. Let them all be relinquished and abandoned, null and void, neither firm nor established. Let our personal vows, pledges and oaths be considered neither vows nor pledges nor oaths.[17]

The leader and the congregation then say together three times "May all the people of Israel be forgiven, including all the strangers who live in their midst, for all the people are in fault." The Torah scrolls are then placed back into the Ark, and the Yom Kippur evening service begins.[citation needed]

Prayer services[edit]

Many married Ashkenazi Orthodox men wear a kittel, a white robe-like garment for evening prayers on Yom Kippur, otherwise used by men on their wedding day.[18][19] They also wear a tallit (prayer shawl), which is typically worn only during morning services.[20]

Prayer services begin with the Kol Nidre prayer, which is recited before sunset. Kol Nidre is a prayer that dates back to 9th century Palestine. It is recited in a dramatic manner, before the open ark, using a melody that dates back to the 16th century.[21] Then the service continues with the evening prayers (Ma'ariv or Arvit) and an extended Selichot service.[citation needed]

The morning prayer service is preceded by litanies and petitions of forgiveness called selichot; on Yom Kippur, many selichot are woven into the liturgy of the mahzor (prayer book). The morning prayers are followed by an added prayer (Mussaf) as on all other holidays. This is followed by Mincha (the afternoon prayer) which includes a reading (Haftarah) of the entire Book of Jonah, which has as its theme the story of God's willingness to forgive those who repent.[citation needed]

The service concludes with the Ne'ila ("closing") prayer, which begins shortly before sunset, when the "gates of prayer" will be closed. Yom Kippur comes to an end with a recitation of Shema Yisrael and the blowing of the shofar,[22] which marks the conclusion of the fast.[20]

Reform Judaism[edit]

Reform synagogues generally experience their largest attendance of the year on Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah for worship services. The prayer philosophy of Reform, as described in the introduction of the movement's High Holy Day prayerbook, "Mishkan Hanefesh", is to reflect "varied theological approaches that enable a diverse congregation to share religious experience... with a commitment to Reform tradition, as well as [to] the larger Jewish tradition." A central feature of these Reform services is the rabbinic sermon. "For more than a century and a half in the Reform Movement," writes Rabbi Lance Sussman, "High Holiday sermons were among the most anticipated events in synagogue life, especially on the eve of Rosh Hashanah and Kol Nidre night."[23]

Repentance (Teshuva) and confessional (Vidui)[edit]

The Talmud states, "Yom Kippur atones for those who repent and does not atone for those who do not repent".[24] Repentance in Judaism is done through a process called Teshuva, which in its most basic form consists of regretting having committed the sin, resolving not to commit that sin in the future and to confess that sin before God. Confession in Judaism is called Vidui (Hebrew וידוי). There is also a commandment to repent on Yom Kippur.[25] Accordingly, Yom Kippur is unique for the confessional, or Vidui, that is part of the prayer services. In keeping with the requirement to repent on Yom Kippur, Jews recite the full Vidui a total of 9 times: once during Mincha on Yom Kippur eve, and on Yom Kippur itself during Ma'ariv (2 times), Shacharit (2 times), Musaf (2 times), and Mincha (2 times); at Ne’eilah, only the short confessional is said. The first time in each service takes place during the personal recitation of the Amidah (standing, silent prayer), and the second time during the cantor's repetition of the Amidah (except during the preceding Mincha), in a public recitation.[citation needed]

The Yom Kippur confessional consists of two parts: a short confession beginning with the word Ashamnu (אשמנו, "we have sinned"), which is a series of words describing sin arranged according to the aleph-bet (Hebrew alphabetic order), and a long confession, beginning with the words Al Cheyt (על חטא, "for the sin"), which is a set of 22 double acrostics, also arranged according to the aleph-bet, enumerating a range of sins.[citation needed]

Avodah: remembering the Temple service[edit]


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A recitation of the sacrificial service of the Temple in Jerusalem traditionally features prominently in both the liturgy and the religious thought of the holiday.[10] Specifically, the Avodah ("service") in the Musaf prayer recounts in great detail the sacrificial ceremonies of the Yom Kippur Korbanot (sacrificial offerings) that are recited in the prayers but have not been performed for 2,000 years, since the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans.

This traditional prominence is rooted in the Babylonian Talmud’s description of how to attain atonement following the destruction of the Temple. According to Talmud tractate Yoma, in the absence of a Temple, Jews are obligated to study the High Priest’s ritual on Yom Kippur, and this study helps achieve atonement for those who are unable to benefit from its actual performance. In Orthodox Judaism, accordingly, studying the Temple ritual on Yom Kippur represents a positive rabbinically ordained obligation which Jews seeking atonement are required to fulfill.

In Orthodox synagogues and many Conservative ones a detailed description of the Temple ritual is recited on the day. In most Orthodox and some Conservative synagogues, the entire congregation prostrates themselves at each point in the recitation where the Kohen Gadol (High Priest) would pronounce the Tetragrammaton (God’s holiest name, according to Judaism).

The main section of the Avodah is a threefold recitation of the High Priest’s actions regarding expiation in the Holy of Holies. Performing the sacrificial acts and reciting Leviticus 16:30, ("Your upright children"). (These three times, plus in some congregations the Aleinu prayer during the Musaf Amidah on Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah, are the only times in Jewish services when Jews engage in prostration, with the exception of some Yemenite Jews and talmedhei haRambam (disciples of Maimonides) who may prostrate themselves on other occasions during the year. A variety of liturgical poems are added, including a poem recounting the radiance of the countenance of the Kohen Gadol after exiting the Holy of Holies, traditionally believed to emit palpable light in a manner echoing the Torah's account of the countenance of Moses after descending from Mount Sinai, as well as prayers for the speedy rebuilding of the Temple and the restoration of sacrificial worship. There are a variety of other customs, such as hand gestures to mime the sprinkling of blood (one sprinkling upwards and seven downwards per set of eight).[26]

Orthodox liturgies include prayers lamenting the inability to perform the Temple service and petitioning for its restoration, which Conservative synagogues generally omit. In some Conservative synagogues, only the Hazzan (cantor) engages in full prostration. Some Conservative synagogues abridge the recitation of the Avodah service to varying degrees, and some omit it entirely. Reconstructionist services omit the entire service as inconsistent with modern sensibilities.

Date of Yom Kippur[edit]

See also: Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050

Yom Kippur falls each year on the 10th day of the Jewish month of Tishrei, which is 9 days after the first day of Rosh Hashanah. In terms of the Gregorian calendar, the earliest date on which Yom Kippur can fall is September 14, as happened most recently in 1899 and 2013. The latest Yom Kippur can occur relative to the Gregorian dates is on October 14, as happened in 1967 and will happen again in 2043. After 2089, the differences between the Hebrew calendar and the Gregorian calendar will result in Yom Kippur falling no earlier than September 15.[27] Gregorian calendar dates for recent and upcoming Yom Kippur holidays are:

In the Torah[edit]

The Torah calls the day Yom HaKippurim (יוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים) and in it Leviticus 23:27 decrees a strict prohibition of work and affliction of the soul upon the tenth day of the seventh month, later known as Tishrei. The laws of Yom Kippur are mentioned in three passages in the Torah:

Midrashic interpretation[edit]

Traditionally, Yom Kippur is considered the date on which Moses received the second set of Ten Commandments. It occurred following the completion of the second 40 days of instructions from God. At this same time, the Israelites were granted atonement for the sin of the Golden Calf; hence, its designation as the Day of Atonement.[28]

Mishnaic and Talmudic literature[edit]

Temple service[edit]

The following summary of the Temple service is based on the traditional Jewish religious account described in Mishnah tractate Yoma, appearing in contemporary traditional Jewish prayer books for Yom Kippur, and studied as part of a traditional Jewish Yom Kippur worship service.[26]

While the Temple in Jerusalem was standing (from Biblical times through 70 CE), the Kohen Gadol (High Priest) was mandated by the Torah to perform a complex set of special services and sacrifices for Yom Kippur to attain Divine atonement, the word "kippur" meaning "atone" in Hebrew. These services were considered to be the most important parts of Yom Kippur because through them the Kohen Gadol made atonement for all Jews and the world. During the service, the Kohen Gadol entered the Holy of Holies in the center of the Temple, the only time of the year that anyone went inside. Doing so required special purification and preparation, including five immersions in a mikveh (ritual bath), and four changes of clothing.[citation needed]

Seven days prior to Yom Kippur, the Kohen Gadol was sequestered in the Palhedrin chamber in the Temple, where he reviewed (studied) the service with the sages familiar with the Temple, and was sprinkled with spring water containing ashes of the Red Heifer as purification. The Talmud (Tractate Yoma) also reports that he practiced the incense offering ritual in the Avitnas chamber.[citation needed]

On the day of Yom Kippur, the Kohen Gadol had to follow a precise order of services, sacrifices, and purifications:

Cliffs of Mount Azazel

The Kohen Gadol wore five sets of garments (three golden and two white linen), immersed in the mikveh five times, and washed his hands and feet ten times. Sacrifices included two (daily) lambs, one bull, two goats, and two rams, with accompanying mincha (meal) offerings, wine libations, and three incense offerings (the regular two daily and an additional one for Yom Kippur). The Kohen Gadol entered the Holy of Holies four times. The Tetragrammaton was pronounced three times, once for each confession.[26]

Observance in Israel[edit]

Ayalon Highway in Tel Aviv, empty of cars on Yom Kippur 2004

Yom Kippur is a legal holiday in the modern state of Israel. There are no radio or television broadcasts, airports are shut down, there is no public transportation, and all shops and businesses are closed.[29]

In 2013, 73% of the Jewish people of Israel said that they were intending to fast on Yom Kippur.[30] It is very common in Israel to wish "Tsom Kal" ([an] easy fast) or "Tsom Mo'il" ([a] benefiting fast) to everyone before Yom Kippur, even if one does not know whether they will fast or not.

It is considered impolite to eat in public on Yom Kippur or to sound music or to drive a motor vehicle. There is no legal prohibition on any of these, but in practice such actions are almost universally avoided in Israel during Yom Kippur,[31] except for emergency services.

Over the last few decades, bicycle-riding and inline skating on the empty streets have become common among secular Israeli youngsters, especially on the eve of Yom Kippur in Tel Aviv[32]

In 1973, an air raid siren was sounded on the afternoon of Yom Kippur and radio broadcasts were resumed to alert the public to the surprise attack on Israel by Egypt and Syria that launched the Yom Kippur War.

Observance by athletes[edit]

Sandy Koufax

Gabe Carimi

Some notable athletes have observed Yom Kippur, even when it conflicted with playing their sport.

In baseball, Sandy Koufax, the Hall of Fame pitcher, decided not to pitch Game 1 of the 1965 World Series because it fell on Yom Kippur. Koufax garnered national attention for his decision, as an example of the conflict between social pressures and personal beliefs.[33]

Hall of Fame first baseman Hank Greenberg attracted national attention in 1934, nearly three decades earlier, when he refused to play baseball on Yom Kippur, even though the Tigers were in the middle of a pennant race, and he was leading the league in runs batted in.[34] The Detroit Free Press columnist and poet Edgar A. Guest wrote a poem titled "Speaking of Greenberg", which ended with the lines "We shall miss him on the infield and shall miss him at the bat / But he's true to his religion—and I honor him for that."[35] When Greenberg arrived in synagogue on Yom Kippur, the service stopped suddenly, and the congregation gave an embarrassed Greenberg a standing ovation.[36]

Los Angeles Dodgers outfielder Shawn Green, similarly, made headlines in 2001 for sitting out a game for the first time in 415 games (then the longest streak among active players) on Yom Kippur, even though his team was in the middle of a playoff race.[34] Other baseball players who have similarly sat out games on Yom Kippur include former Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees third baseman Kevin Youkilis, former Houston Astros catcher and former Los Angeles Angels manager Brad Ausmus, and outfielder Art Shamsky.[37][38][39]

Gabe Carimi, the Consensus All-American left tackle in American football who won the 2010 Outland Trophy as the nation's top collegiate interior lineman, faced a conflict in his freshman year of college in 2007. That year Yom Kippur fell on a Saturday, and he fasted until an hour before his football game against Iowa started that night.[40][41][42] Carimi said, "Religion is a part of me, and I don't want to just say I'm Jewish. I actually do make sacrifices that I know are hard choices."[40][43][44] In 2004, Matt Bernstein, standout fullback at University of Wisconsin–Madison, fasted on Yom Kippur, then broke his fast on the sidelines before rushing for 123 yards in a game against Penn State.[45]

In 2011, golfer Laetitia Beck declined a request to join the University of North Carolina Tar Heels Invitational competition, because it conflicted with Yom Kippur.[46][47] Instead, she spent the day fasting and praying.[46] She said: "My Judaism is very important to me, and ... on Yom Kippur, no matter what, I have to fast."[46] Boris Gelfand, Israel's top chess player, played his game in the prestigious London Grand Prix Chess Tournament on 25 September 2012 (eve of Yom Kippur) earlier, to avoid playing on the holiday.[48]

In 2013, the International Tennis Federation fined the Israel Tennis Association "more than $13,000 ... for the inconvenience" of having to reschedule a tennis match between the Israeli and Belgian teams that was originally scheduled on Yom Kippur.[49][50] Dudi Sela, Israel's #1 player, quit his quarterfinal match in the third set of the 2017 Shenzhen Open so he could begin observing Yom Kippur by the time the sun set, forfeiting a possible $34,000 in prize money and 90 rankings points.[51][52]

Professional wrestler Bill Goldberg has notably refused to wrestle a match on Yom Kippur.[53][54]

Recognition by the United Nations[edit]

Since 2016 the United Nations has officially recognized Yom Kippur, stating that from then on no official meetings would take place on the day.[55] In addition, the United Nations stated that, beginning in 2016, they would have nine official holidays and seven floating holidays of which each employee would be able to choose one.[55] It stated that the floating holidays will be Yom Kippur,[56] Day of Vesak, Diwali, Gurpurab, Orthodox Christmas, Orthodox Good Friday, and Presidents' Day.[55] This was the first time the United Nations officially recognized any Jewish holiday.[55]

Modern scholarship[edit]

According to textual scholars, the biblical regulations covering Yom Kippur are spliced together from multiple source texts,[57][58] as indicated by the duplication of the confession over the bullock,[59] and the incongruity in one verse stating that the high priest should not enter the Holy of Holies (with the inference that there are exceptions for certain explicitly identified festivals),[60] and the next verse indicating that they can enter whenever they wish (as long as a specific ritual is carried out first).[57] Although Rashi tried to find a harmonistic explanation for this incongruity, the Leviticus Rabbah maintains that it was indeed the case that the high priest could enter at any time if these rituals were carried out.[61] Textual scholars argue that the ritual is composed from three sources, and a couple of redactional additions:[57][58]

On the basis of their assumptions, these scholars believe that the original ceremony was simply the ritual purification of the sanctuary from any accidental ritual impurity, at the start of each new year, as seen in the Book of Ezekiel. Textual scholars date this original ceremony to before the priestly source, but after JE.[57][68] According to the Book of Ezekiel, the sanctuary was to be cleansed by the sprinkling of bullock's blood, on the first day of the first and of the seventh months[69]—near the start of the civil year and of the ecclesiastical year, respectively; although the masoretic text of the Book of Ezekiel has the second of these cleansings on the seventh of the first month, biblical scholars regard the Septuagint, which has the second cleaning as being the first of the seventh month, as being more accurate here.[57] It appears that during the period that the Holiness Code and the Book of Ezekiel were written, the new year began on the tenth day of the seventh month,[70][71] and thus liberal biblical scholars believe that by the time the Priestly Code was compiled, the date of the new year and of the day of atonement had swapped around.[57]


Jewish Holidays And Celebrations

Jewish Holidays


Source: Wikipedia:

Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim (Hebrew: ימים טובים‎, lit. 'Good Days', or singular יום טוב Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew [English: /ˈjɔːm ˈtɔːv, joʊm ˈtoʊv/]),[1] are holidays observed in Judaism and by Jews[Note 1] throughout the Hebrew calendar. They include religious, cultural and national elements, derived from three sources: biblical mitzvot ("commandments"); rabbinic mandates; Jewish history and the history of the State of Israel.

Jewish holidays occur on the same dates every year in the Hebrew calendar, but the dates vary in the Gregorian. This is because the Hebrew calendar is a lunisolar calendar (based on the cycles of both the sun and moon), whereas the Gregorian is a solar calendar.



History Of Greeting Cards

History Of Greeting Cards


The custom of sending greeting cards can be traced back to the ancient Chinese, who exchanged messages of good will to celebrate the New Year, and to the early Egyptians, who conveyed their greetings on papyrus scrolls. By the early 15th century, handmade paper greeting cards were being exchanged in Europe. The Germans are known to have printed New Year's greetings from woodcuts as early as 1400, and handmade paper Valentines were being exchanged in various parts of Europe in the early to mid-15th century,[dead link][9] with the oldest Valentine in existence being in the British Museum.[10] The card was written to Bonne of Armagnac by her husband, Charles Duke of Orleans, who was imprisoned in the Tower of London at the time. Not surprisingly, its message is rather downbeat. Its opening reads: ‘I am already sick of love / my very gentle Valentine.’[11]

By the 1850s, the greeting card had been transformed from a relatively expensive, handmade and hand-delivered gift to a popular and affordable means of personal communication, due largely to advances in printing, mechanization, and a reduction in postal rates with the introduction of the postage stamp.[12] This was followed by new trends like Christmas cards, the first of which appeared in published form in London in 1843 when Sir Henry Cole hired artist John Calcott Horsley to design a holiday card that he could send to his friends and acquaintances. In the 1860s, companies like Marcus Ward & Co, Goodall and Charles Bennett began the mass production of greeting cards. They employed well known artists such as Kate Greenaway and Walter Crane as illustrators and card designers. The extensive Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection from the Manchester Metropolitan University gathers 32,000 Victorian and Edwardian greeting cards and 450 Valentine's Day cards dating from the early nineteenth century, printed by the major publishers of the day.[13]

Technical developments like color lithography in 1930 propelled the manufactured greeting card industry forward. Humorous greeting cards, known as studio cards, became popular in the late 1940s and 1950s.

In the 1970s, Recycled Paper Greetings, a small company needing to establish a competing identity against the large companies like Hallmark Cards, began publishing humorous, whimsical card designs with the artist's name credited on the back. This was away from what was known as the standard look (sometimes called the Hallmark look.)[citation needed]

During the 1980s, reduced costs of small batch printing and die cutting together with a growing taste for handmade cards made it economically possible for smaller niche companies to set up in competition with the large established brands. Innovative companies such as Nobleworks and Meri Meri[14] grew from their foundation in the 1980s to becoming significant influencers in the industry. A thriving market was established for what were now called "alternative" greeting cards. The name stuck even though these "alternative" cards grew to embrace a vast range of styles and ultimately changed the look of the industry.


Yom Kippur - The Day of Atonement

Yom Kippur - The Day of Atonement


Introduction


Yom Kippur, often referred to as the Day of Atonement, holds a profound and revered place in the Jewish faith. It stands as a day of introspection, repentance, and reconciliation, providing a unique opportunity for individuals to seek forgiveness for their transgressions and renew their spiritual connection. In this article, we will delve into the significance, traditions, and practices associated with Yom Kippur.


The Significance of Yom Kippur


Yom Kippur, falling on the tenth day of the Jewish month of Tishrei, concludes the ten-day period known as the High Holy Days, which begins with Rosh Hashanah. It is considered the holiest day in the Jewish calendar, marked by solemnity and deep reflection.


1. Repentance and Atonement


Central to Yom Kippur is the process of teshuvah, or repentance. It involves sincere self-reflection, acknowledgment of wrongdoings, and a genuine commitment to change for the better. By engaging in this introspective journey, individuals seek to reconcile with both the divine and those they may have wronged.


2. Fasting and Affliction


One of the most prominent customs of Yom Kippur is fasting. From sundown to sundown, Jewish individuals abstain from food, drink, and other physical comforts. This act of self-denial serves to heighten spiritual awareness, allowing individuals to focus on their inner selves and the atonement process.


3. Prayer and Synagogue Services


Yom Kippur services are characterized by an atmosphere of solemnity and gravity. The liturgy is distinct, featuring special prayers and readings that emphasize themes of repentance and forgiveness. The haunting melodies of Kol Nidre, the opening prayer of Yom Kippur, set a tone of introspection and solemnity.


4. The Importance of Forgiveness


Yom Kippur places a significant emphasis on the act of forgiving and seeking forgiveness. It is a time for individuals to approach one another with humility and compassion, fostering reconciliation and healing fractured relationships.


5. Symbolism of the White Garments


Many individuals choose to wear white garments on Yom Kippur, symbolizing purity, humility, and the hope for a clean slate. This tradition underscores the spiritual transformation that can be achieved through sincere repentance.


Conclusion


Yom Kippur stands as a beacon of spiritual renewal, providing a framework for individuals to confront their shortcomings, seek forgiveness, and embark on a path of positive change. It is a day of deep significance and solemnity, reminding us of the power of introspection, forgiveness, and reconciliation in our lives. By observing the traditions and practices of Yom Kippur, individuals affirm their commitment to personal growth and spiritual connection, contributing to a more compassionate and harmonious world.

Yom Kippur - A Time For Reflection

Yom Kippur - A Time For Reflection


Introduction


Yom Kippur, known as the Day of Atonement, stands as one of the most solemn and spiritually significant days in the Jewish calendar. It is a time of deep reflection, repentance, and reconciliation with both God and fellow human beings. In this article, we will explore the history, significance, and practices associated with Yom Kippur.


A Time for Reflection


Yom Kippur falls on the 10th day of Tishrei, the seventh month of the Jewish calendar. It follows Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, which is a time of celebration and the sounding of the shofar, a traditional ram's horn. However, Yom Kippur is a stark contrast, characterized by solemnity and self-examination.


Biblical Roots


The roots of Yom Kippur can be traced back to ancient times and are deeply rooted in the Hebrew Bible. Leviticus 16 outlines the rituals that were to take place on this day, including the high priest entering the Holy of Holies in the Tabernacle or Temple to seek forgiveness for the sins of the people. The significance of Yom Kippur as a day of atonement is derived from these biblical teachings.


Repentance and Forgiveness


Central to Yom Kippur is the concept of teshuvah, or repentance. Jews are encouraged to engage in deep introspection, acknowledge their wrongdoings, and take steps to make amends. It is a time to seek forgiveness from both God and fellow humans. This process of reconciliation and forgiveness is a cornerstone of Yom Kippur's significance.


The 25-Hour Fast


One of the most well-known practices of Yom Kippur is the 25-hour fast, which begins at sundown on the evening before Yom Kippur and ends after nightfall the following day. This fasting is a physical act of devotion, symbolizing the denial of earthly pleasures and the focus on spiritual matters. It is also a reminder of the hunger and thirst experienced by those who are less fortunate.


Prayer and Synagogue Services


Yom Kippur is marked by a series of special synagogue services, the most prominent being Kol Nidre, recited on the eve of Yom Kippur. The day itself involves intensive prayer, including the recitation of the Vidui, a confessional prayer, and the Al Chet, a litany of sins. These prayers create an atmosphere of humility and contrition.


White Attire and Avoiding Leather


Traditionally, Jews wear white clothing on Yom Kippur as a symbol of purity and spiritual cleansing. Additionally, many Jews refrain from wearing leather shoes as a sign of humility and discomfort, symbolizing the willingness to endure hardship for the sake of repentance.


The Final Shofar Blast


As Yom Kippur comes to a close, a final shofar blast signals the end of the day of atonement. Jews then share a festive meal, often including dishes that symbolize the hope for a sweet and prosperous year ahead.


Conclusion


Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, is a day of deep spiritual significance for the Jewish people. It is a time for self-reflection, repentance, and reconciliation, both with God and with one another. The rituals and practices associated with Yom Kippur serve as a powerful reminder of the importance of humility, forgiveness, and the enduring commitment to lead a righteous and compassionate life. It is a day that transcends cultural and geographical boundaries, uniting Jewish communities worldwide in the pursuit of spiritual growth and renewal.

Discover The Beauty Of PDF Printable Greeting Cards: Personalize, Print, And Share With Heart

Discover The Beauty Of PDF Printable Greeting Cards: Personalize, Print, And Share With Heart


In a world where digital communication dominates, there's something uniquely special about receiving a tangible expression of care and thoughtfulness. Enter PDF printable greeting cards—the perfect marriage of convenience, creativity, and sentiment. These digital designs offer a delightful twist to traditional paper cards, allowing you to personalize, print, and share your heartfelt messages with a touch of elegance. In this article, we'll explore the reasons why you should consider buying PDF printable greeting cards and how they can transform your way of sending wishes.


1. Unleash Your Creativity:


PDF printable greeting cards empower you to become the designer of your own heartfelt message. With a plethora of templates and designs available online, you have the freedom to choose the style that resonates with you and customize it to suit the occasion perfectly. Whether you're celebrating a birthday, anniversary, holiday, or a simple "thinking of you" moment, these cards provide a canvas for your creativity to shine.



2. Thoughtful Personalization:


When it comes to conveying emotions, the power of personalization is unmatched. PDF printable greeting cards allow you to add your own messages, names, dates, and even photos. This personal touch elevates the card from a mere token to a cherished keepsake that captures the essence of your relationship with the recipient.



3. Instant Access and Convenience:


Gone are the days of rushing to the store in search of the perfect card. With PDF printable greeting cards, you gain instant access to a vast collection of designs at your fingertips. No need to worry about store hours, stock availability, or shipping delays. Simply download, print, and your heartfelt message is ready to be shared.



4. Budget-Friendly Brilliance:


Let's face it—greeting cards at traditional stores can be surprisingly pricey. PDF printable greeting cards offer a cost-effective solution without compromising on quality or sentiment. With a one-time purchase, you can print as many copies as you need, making them an economical choice for special occasions and everyday greetings alike.



5. Eco-Friendly Gesture:


Embracing digital designs also means embracing sustainability. By opting for PDF printable greeting cards, you're contributing to the reduction of paper waste and the environmental impact associated with traditional cards. It's a small yet significant step toward a greener planet.



6. Last-Minute Rescues:


Life is unpredictable, and sometimes special occasions sneak up on us. PDF printable greeting cards are your go-to solution for those last-minute celebrations. Forgot to pick up a card? No problem! With a few clicks, you can have a beautifully designed card ready to print and share.



7. Global Connection:


In our interconnected world, loved ones and friends might be scattered across the globe. PDF printable greeting cards transcend geographical distances, allowing you to send your warm wishes to anyone, anywhere, instantly. It's a digital bridge that brings hearts closer, no matter the miles.



8. Cherishable Memories:


Greeting cards are more than just words on paper; they're vessels of memories and emotions. A PDF printable card that captures a special moment or sentiment can be saved, framed, or tucked away as a timeless keepsake that holds meaning for years to come.



Conclusion: Print Your Heartfelt Wishes with PDF Printable Greeting Cards


PDF printable greeting cards offer a modern twist on a timeless tradition, enabling you to craft and share your warm wishes with the touch of a button. From personalized messages to instant access and eco-conscious choices, these digital designs bring convenience and creativity to your fingertips. Whether it's a birthday, holiday, or any moment worth celebrating, PDF printable greeting cards allow you to share your heart in the most delightful and memorable way. Embrace the beauty of customization and the joy of sending wishes with a personal touch—because every heartfelt gesture deserves to be celebrated.