When Does Shabbat Start And End? 

Shabbat, the Jewish day of rest and spiritual rejuvenation, is a cherished and essential component of Jewish tradition. It is observed from sunset on Friday evening until nightfall on Saturday. The specific timing of Shabbat's start and end is deeply rooted in Jewish law and the biblical account of creation, making it a significant and consistent practice observed by Jews around the world. In this article, we will explore the exact timing of when Shabbat begins and ends and the rituals associated with these moments.

The Transition to Shabbat:

The beginning of Shabbat is marked by the transition from the ordinary workweek to a day of rest and sanctity. As the sun sets on Friday evening, Jewish families and communities gather to light Shabbat candles. This act serves as a symbolic and practical way to usher in Shabbat and create an atmosphere of warmth and tranquility. The lighting of the candles is accompanied by reciting blessings and prayers that emphasize the sanctity of the day.

Shabbat Candle Lighting:

The practice of lighting Shabbat candles is deeply ingrained in Jewish tradition. Typically, women or girls in the household take on the responsibility of lighting the candles. The lighting is done just before sunset, ideally no later than 18 minutes before, to ensure that Shabbat is properly welcomed. The tradition involves lighting at least two candles, representing the dual commandments to "remember" and "observe" the Shabbat.

The Blessings:

As the candles are lit, two blessings are recited. The first blessing is the standard blessing for lighting candles, and the second blessing is specific to Shabbat. The blessings acknowledge the holiness of the day and express gratitude for the commandment to observe and remember the Shabbat.

Welcoming Shabbat:

After the candles are lit and the blessings recited, a special prayer known as "Kabbalat Shabbat" is often recited, welcoming the arrival of Shabbat. This prayer is a joyful and poetic expression of the anticipation and joy associated with the Sabbath.

The End of Shabbat:

Shabbat comes to a close at nightfall on Saturday, marked by the appearance of three stars in the sky. This moment is known as "Havdalah," which means "separation" in Hebrew. Havdalah is a short ritual that includes blessings over wine, spices, and a multi-wicked candle. It symbolizes the distinction between the holiness of Shabbat and the ordinary days of the week.

Havdalah Ritual:

The Havdalah ritual typically involves lighting a braided candle with multiple wicks, smelling fragrant spices (often cloves), and sipping from a cup of wine. Blessings are recited over each of these elements, expressing gratitude for the gifts of creation and acknowledging the transition from Shabbat to the new week.

In conclusion, the timing of Shabbat's start and end holds immense significance in Jewish tradition. It is a moment of sanctity, reflection, and renewal that is marked by meaningful rituals and prayers. The transition to Shabbat and the conclusion of the day of rest serve as reminders of the importance of balancing the demands of daily life with spiritual well-being and connection.

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